If your phone is stolen, this data (known as Exif data) can provide information about your origin. But even if you share pictures over the internet, this metadata is retained and allows conclusions to be drawn about the author. Some apps, such as Signal, automatically remove this data from images when you send them.
Use apps like "Imagepipe" if you want to be sure that all data has been removed. This allows you to clean up your images before you upload them to the internet. You can install Imagepipe on your Android smartphone via the alternative app store "F-Droid", for example.
You can also try deactivating this feature in your camera. Search for settings such as "Metadata" or "Exif".